September 2026 Edition, published · The permanent record of that edition, superseded since. The current standing is on the category page →
Index › IT › Data platform › Managed databases › Enterprise · September 2026 Edition

Managed relational databases for enterprise buyers

Asked as “managed relational database service”, and as “hosted SQL database”, on behalf of an enterprise B2B company. 53 first choices recorded across the direct, paraphrase, budget and scale prompts, twelve models each.
Standing · first-choice share
36%
Contested · Amazon Aurora 30%
36Amazon RDS30Amazon Aurora15Azure SQL Database19others

36% of first choices, contested.

By buyer segment

The same question asked on behalf of a different buyer. Each standing is computed within its segment; they sit side by side and are never added together.

The standing

Share is the count of first choices across the direct, paraphrase, budget and scale prompts, over all twelve models, for an enterprise B2B company. Ordered by share.
ProductFirst-choice shareNegative rateLabelsQuadrant
01Amazon RDS36%12%52endorsed leader
02Amazon Aurora30%25%36criticized default
03Azure SQL Database15%18%49accepted challenger
04Google Cloud SQL Lab in the set8%12%48accepted challenger
05Oracle Autonomous Database2%15%13accepted challenger
Show the one product at 0%, ordered by negative rate
06CockroachDB0%10%10accepted challenger
Bars are the share of first choices, 0 to 100Every product with at least 10 labels here. Every product name links to its product page.

Google Cloud SQL is made by Google, whose model Gemini 3.5 Flash is in the set. On the four share prompts that model made it the first choice zero times of 4; the other eleven models four times of 44. Lab treatment is defined on the method page; the row is marked, not excluded.

Head to headHead-to-head pages are published for mid-market buyers, so these open on mid-market figures, not enterprise.
All twenty-eight head-to-head pages: the top eight products, each against each

Recommended versus criticized

Every product with at least 10 labels here, on both axes. The 30% line names a quadrant, not the verdict above: that one needs more than 40%.

Criticized challengerCriticized default
Negative label rate →
01
02
03
04
05
C06
Accepted challengerEndorsed leader
0%First-choice share → · lines at 30% share and 25% negative50%
Key
01Amazon RDS36%
02Amazon Aurora30%
03Azure SQL Database15%
04Google Cloud SQL8%
05Oracle Autonomous Database2%
06CockroachDB0%

What they warned about

Three of twelve models held their first choice under the paraphrase. Claude Haiku 4.5, GPT-5.4 mini, Perplexity Sonar, Mistral Small, DeepSeek V4 Flash, Llama 4 Maverick, Kimi K2, GLM 4.7 FlashX and MiniMax M2.5 changed. A high negative share on a product with few labels is a warning. A low share on a product with many labels is salience, not sentiment.
Azure SQL Database
18%
9 of 49 labels negative · 8 of 12 models
“Azure SQL is a strong managed relational offering... However, be aware of resource caps, licensing implications, and the need for robust disaster‑recovery across regions.” MiniMax M2.5, negative prompt
Amazon Aurora
25%
9 of 36 labels negative · 6 of 12 models · 2 hard negative
“Avoid Serverless Auto-Scaling (e.g., Aurora Serverless v2) for High Baselines” Gemini 3.5 Flash, budget prompt
Amazon RDS
12%
6 of 52 labels negative · 6 of 12 models · 1 hard negative
“Verdict: Highest caution — often avoid for production core systems.” DeepSeek V4 Flash, negative prompt
PlanetScale
71%
5 of 7 labels negative · 5 of 12 models · 1 hard negative
“PlanetScale shut down its database service for new users back in 2023” DeepSeek V4 Flash, negative prompt

What they cite

Twelve of the twelve models returned a source list in this edition: four return the pages they cited and eight the search results they consulted.

Sites the answers cite

59 of 72 answers in this category came back with a source list, from 12 of 12 models: citations where the model returns them, or the search results it consulted. 931 links across 269 sites, every framing counted. Ranked by the number of answers carrying the site or page.

vendor site · Gitnux29 answers · 45 citations · 9 models
vendor site · Amazon27 answers · 57 citations · 11 models
25 answers · 25 citations · 8 models
24 answers · 53 citations · 10 models
vendor site · Google23 answers · 35 citations · 11 models
22 answers · 22 citations · 9 models
vendor site · Northflank17 answers · 21 citations · 8 models
vendor site · G216 answers · 24 citations · 8 models
vendor site · Instaclustr13 answers · 15 citations · 7 models
13 answers · 13 citations · 7 models
vendor site · Microsoft12 answers · 24 citations · 6 models
vendor site · Microsoft12 answers · 17 citations · 10 models

Pages the answers cite

The ten pages named in the most answers, by full address. A page here is one the models returned with a recommendation, not one the index endorses.

Search against answers

Each company's standing in the answers beside its site's footprint in Google search, one row a site: the products the models named on it with their shares, and the share they add up to; monthly searches on Google, and DataForSEO's estimate of AI search demand (modeled from search signals, directional, not a count of queries to any assistant), for the most-searched of the company's and its products' names (the name is in each row's hover text); estimated monthly organic visits to the site; and its best position in Google's top ten for “best managed relational database service”, “managed relational database service”, “managed relational database services”. US estimates from DataForSEO and Google's Ads Transparency Center. A small company's site, or a mid-sized company's site for its flagship, is marked company; a product on a large parent's site (Google, Microsoft) has no site figures. A column with no figures for this category is left out, and an empty cell means none were seen, not none exist. Two measurements side by side: neither is read as the cause of the other.
Company and productsShareOwn site citedName searches, GoogleAI search demand, est.Organic visitsPaid search a month, est.Google ads, last 30 days
Amazon aws.amazon.com
Amazon RDS 36%, Amazon Aurora 30%
66%164151,000,0001,380,9399,238,321$20,476
Azure parent site
Azure SQL Database 15%, Azure SQL Managed Instance 4%, Azure Database 0%, Azure SQL Database / Managed Instance 0% and 2 more
19%136301,00047,904
Google Cloud cloud.google.com
Google Cloud SQL 8%
8%157165,0007,5967,405,347
Oracle parent site
Oracle Autonomous Database 2%, Oracle Database 0%, Oracle Cloud Database 0%
2%16450,00066,611
Google Cloud google.dev
Google Cloud SQL / AlloyDB 2%, Google Cloud Spanner 0%
2%23165,0007,596881,346109
PostgreSQL postgresql.org2%7774,00014,143465,585
MySQL mysql.com2%2474,00017,611257,846
CockroachDB0%4,400145
AlloyDB for PostgreSQL0%508
Instaclustr instaclustr.com0%3

Google's top ten for the three searches hold 17 sites; 2 of them are among the sites the models cited here (g2.com, learn.microsoft.com). The first result for “best managed relational database service” is trustradius.com.

How they answered

Six framings of the same buying question, each sent to every model in a fresh session with search on. One row per model, so a row shows whether it held its answer under rewording, what it named when cost was the constraint, and what it argued against. Computed from the raw judge labels.
ShowHide
ModelDirect“What is the best managed relational database service for an enterprise B2B company?”Paraphrase“Which hosted SQL database would you recommend to a large B2B company with thousands of employees?”Comparative“What are the top enterprise-grade managed relational database services and how do they differ?”Budget-constrained“What is the best managed relational database service for a large company that needs predictable total cost across thousands of users?”Scale-constrained“We are a 5,000 person company with SSO, SOC 2 and procurement review requirements evaluating a managed relational database service. What should we look at?”Negative“Which managed relational database services should a large enterprise avoid or be cautious about?”
Claude Haiku 4.5Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS
Two alternativesAzure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL
Amazon RDS, Azure SQL DatabaseChanged
Two alternativesGoogle Cloud SQL, PostgreSQL or MySQL managed services
Amazon RDS
Two alternativesAzure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL
Azure SQL Database
Two alternativesAmazon RDS, Google Cloud SQL
no first choiceagainst: Amazon Aurora, Azure SQL Database, MariaDB on Azure, PlanetScale
GPT-5.4 miniAmazon Aurora, Amazon RDS
Three alternativesAzure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL, Oracle Autonomous Database
Amazon RDS, Azure SQL Managed InstanceChangedAmazon RDS
Five alternativesAmazon Aurora, Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Managed Instance, Google Cloud SQL, Oracle Autonomous Database
Amazon Aurora
Two alternativesAzure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL
no first choicenothing named
Gemini 3.5 FlashAmazon Aurora
Four alternativesAlloyDB for PostgreSQL, Azure SQL Database, CockroachDB, Google Cloud Spanner
Amazon AuroraHeld
Four alternativesAlloyDB for PostgreSQL, Azure SQL Database / Managed Instance, CockroachDB, Google Cloud Spanner
Amazon Aurora
Five alternativesAlloyDB for PostgreSQL, Azure SQL Database/Azure SQL Managed Instance, CockroachDB, Google Cloud Spanner, Oracle Autonomous Database
Amazon Aurora
Two alternativesAlloyDB for PostgreSQL, Azure SQL Database
against: Amazon Aurora
no first choiceagainst: Amazon Aurora, Azure SQL Database, DigitalOcean Managed Databases, Fly.io, Heroku Postgres, Linode Managed Databases, Microsoft SQL Server, Neon, Oracle Autonomous Database, PlanetScale, Railway, Render Postgres, Scaleway, Supabase, Vultr Managed Databases
Perplexity SonarAmazon RDS
Three alternativesAzure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL, Oracle Database
Azure SQL DatabaseChanged
Four alternativesAmazon Aurora, CockroachDB, Google Cloud SQL, TiDB
no first choiceGoogle Cloud SQL
Two alternativesAmazon RDS, Oracle Database
Amazon RDSagainst: Amazon Aurora, Amazon Aurora DSQL, Amazon RDS, Azure Database for MySQL, Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL
Grok 4.20Amazon RDS
Four alternativesAzure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL
Amazon RDSHeld
Two alternativesAzure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL
Amazon RDS, Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL, Oracle Autonomous DatabaseAmazon Aurora
Two alternativesAzure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL
against: DigitalOcean Managed Databases, Oracle Autonomous Database
Amazon RDS, Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL / AlloyDB, MySQL, PostgreSQL
Three alternativesAiven for PostgreSQL, Instaclustr, Oracle Autonomous Database
against: Aiven for PostgreSQL, Amazon RDS, Azure SQL Database, DigitalOcean Managed Databases, Google Cloud SQL, Linode Managed Databases, Neon, Supabase
Mistral SmallGoogle Cloud SQL
Two alternativesAmazon RDS, Azure SQL Database
Amazon RDS, Azure SQL DatabaseChanged
Two alternativesCockroachDB, Google Cloud SQL
no first choiceAmazon RDSno first choicenothing named
DeepSeek V4 FlashAmazon RDS
Two alternativesAzure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL / AlloyDB
Amazon AuroraChanged
One alternativeAzure SQL Database
Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS
Five alternativesAlloyDB for PostgreSQL, Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Managed Instance, Google Cloud SQL, Oracle Autonomous Database
Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS
Two alternativesAzure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL
no first choiceagainst: Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS, Azure Database for MariaDB, Azure SQL Database, Fauna, Google Cloud SQL, PlanetScale
Llama 4 MaverickAmazon RDS, Google Cloud SQLAzure SQL DatabaseChangedRackspace Technology
Four alternativesAmazon RDS, Google Cloud SQL, Kyndryl, Pythian
Amazon RDS
Three alternativesAzure Database, Crunchy Bridge, Google Cloud SQL
no first choiceagainst: Amazon RDS
Qwen 3.7 FlashAmazon Aurora
Three alternativesAzure SQL Database, Google Cloud Spanner, Oracle Autonomous Database
Amazon AuroraHeld
Two alternativesAzure SQL Database, Google Cloud Spanner
against: Oracle
Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS
Four alternativesAzure SQL Database, Azure SQL Managed Instance, Google Cloud SQL, Google Cloud Spanner
Amazon Aurora
One alternativeAzure Database for PostgreSQL
no first choiceagainst: Amazon Aurora, CockroachDB, Firebase, Firebird, IBM Db2, InterSystems IRIS / Caché, Neon, PlanetScale, Supabase, YugabyteDB
Kimi K2Amazon Aurora
Two alternativesAzure SQL Database / Managed Instance, Google Cloud SQL / AlloyDB
Amazon RDSChanged
Two alternativesAzure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL
Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS
Four alternativesAzure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL / AlloyDB, IBM Db2, Oracle Autonomous Database
Azure SQL Database
Two alternativesAmazon RDS, Google Cloud SQL
no first choiceagainst: AlloyDB for PostgreSQL, Amazon Aurora, Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL
GLM 4.7 FlashXOracle Autonomous Database
Six alternativesAmazon RDS, Azure Database, Google Cloud SQL, Instaclustr, Nutanix Era, pgEdge
Amazon RDS, Azure SQL Managed InstanceChanged
Two alternativesGoogle Cloud SQL, Oracle Cloud Infrastructure
Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS
Five alternativesAlloyDB for PostgreSQL, Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Managed Instance, Google Cloud SQL, Oracle Autonomous Database
Google Cloud SQL
One alternativeDigitalOcean Managed Databases
against: Amazon RDS, Azure SQL Database
no first choiceagainst: Azure SQL Managed Instance, MongoDB Atlas
MiniMax M2.5Amazon Aurora, Azure SQL DatabaseAmazon AuroraChanged
One alternativeAzure SQL Database / Managed Instance
against: Google Cloud SQL
no first choiceAmazon RDS
Two alternativesAzure Database, Google Cloud SQL
Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS
Two alternativesAzure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL
against: Neon, PlanetScale
against: Amazon RDS, Azure SQL Database, DigitalOcean Managed Databases, Google Cloud SQL, IBM Cloud – Databases for PostgreSQL, MySQL, Enterprise DB, Linode Managed Databases, Oracle Base Database Service, Rackspace, Vultr Managed Databases
Bold is the first choiceAlternatives are counted; the count opens them.What the answer argued against

The record

One row per call: the version string exactly as returned, whether the model searched, sources cited, and latency.
Seventy-two rows: every prompt, every model, every answer.
PromptModelVersion stringTime (UTC)SearchedSourcesLatency
Direct recommendationClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 07:30no05 s
Direct recommendationGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 07:26yes58 s
Direct recommendationGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 07:36no015 s
Direct recommendationPerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 07:42yes204 s
Direct recommendationGrok 4.20spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex (asked for grok-4.20-non-reasoning; the API answered as this version)2026-09-17 07:48yes3315 s
Direct recommendationMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 07:34yes129 s
Direct recommendationDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 07:36yes1014 s
Direct recommendationLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 07:35yes52 s
Direct recommendationQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 07:30no041 s
Direct recommendationKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 07:44yes1964 s
Direct recommendationGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 07:46yes24163 s
Direct recommendationMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 07:39yes1649 s
ParaphraseClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 07:22no05 s
ParaphraseGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 07:35yes35 s
ParaphraseGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 07:36no018 s
ParaphrasePerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 07:47yes205 s
ParaphraseGrok 4.20spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex (asked for grok-4.20-non-reasoning; the API answered as this version)2026-09-17 07:44yes4316 s
ParaphraseMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 07:33yes56 s
ParaphraseDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 07:23yes109 s
ParaphraseLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 07:30yes53 s
ParaphraseQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 07:24no041 s
ParaphraseKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 07:34yes921 s
ParaphraseGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 07:32yes2022 s
ParaphraseMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 07:40yes576 s
ComparativeClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 07:27yes1914 s
ComparativeGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 07:43yes714 s
ComparativeGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 07:29yes823 s
ComparativePerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 07:38yes209 s
ComparativeGrok 4.20spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex (asked for grok-4.20-non-reasoning; the API answered as this version)2026-09-17 07:23yes3324 s
ComparativeMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 07:30yes59 s
ComparativeDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 07:28yes1920 s
ComparativeLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 07:40yes53 s
ComparativeQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 07:44yes546 s
ComparativeKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 07:45yes1941 s
ComparativeGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 07:27yes25122 s
ComparativeMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 07:46yes530 s
Budget constrainedClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 07:45yes188 s
Budget constrainedGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 07:29yes25 s
Budget constrainedGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 07:38yes2027 s
Budget constrainedPerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 07:46yes204 s
Budget constrainedGrok 4.20spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex (asked for grok-4.20-non-reasoning; the API answered as this version)2026-09-17 07:30yes3919 s
Budget constrainedMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 07:42yes53 s
Budget constrainedDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 07:40yes912 s
Budget constrainedLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 07:44yes53 s
Budget constrainedQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 07:32no044 s
Budget constrainedKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 07:25yes2531 s
Budget constrainedGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 07:21yes1428 s
Budget constrainedMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 07:40yes21108 s
Scale constrainedClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 07:44yes1914 s
Scale constrainedGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 07:33no015 s
Scale constrainedGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 07:41no016 s
Scale constrainedPerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 07:39yes208 s
Scale constrainedGrok 4.20spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex (asked for grok-4.20-non-reasoning; the API answered as this version)2026-09-17 07:23yes1511 s
Scale constrainedMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 07:44no09 s
Scale constrainedDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 07:32yes3024 s
Scale constrainedLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 07:47yes54 s
Scale constrainedQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 07:42yes537 s
Scale constrainedKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 07:28yes2056 s
Scale constrainedGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 07:27yes2575 s
Scale constrainedMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 07:23yes1036 s
Negative framingClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 07:40yes1812 s
Negative framingGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 07:23no06 s
Negative framingGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 07:42yes1129 s
Negative framingPerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 07:35yes206 s
Negative framingGrok 4.20spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex (asked for grok-4.20-non-reasoning; the API answered as this version)2026-09-17 07:44yes2517 s
Negative framingMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 07:47yes57 s
Negative framingDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 07:46yes2850 s
Negative framingLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 07:42yes54 s
Negative framingQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 07:30no043 s
Negative framingKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 07:26yes30103 s
Negative framingGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 07:48yes2863 s
Negative framingMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 07:35no071 s

Normalization in this category

Every judgment call made between the raw labels and the numbers above, listed so it is visible and reversible.

ShowHide
Category-scoped readings
AWS RDS/Aurora read as Amazon RDS
Aiven read as Aiven for PostgreSQL
AlloyDB read as AlloyDB for PostgreSQL
Amazon RDS / Aurora (AWS) read as Amazon RDS
Amazon RDS with Aurora read as Amazon RDS
Amazon RDS/Aurora read as Amazon RDS
Azure SQL read as Azure SQL Database
DigitalOcean read as DigitalOcean Managed Databases
Linode read as Linode Managed Databases
Linode/Akamai read as Linode Managed Databases
Oracle Base Database read as Oracle Base Database Service
Oracle Database Cloud Service read as Oracle Base Database Service
Render read as Render Postgres
Vultr read as Vultr Managed Databases
Unresolved, counted raw
Firebird (Managed)
IBM Cloud – Databases for PostgreSQL, MySQL, Enterprise DB
InterSystems IRIS / Caché
Kyndryl Managed Database Services
MariaDB on Azure
Nutanix Era
Oracle Database services
PostgreSQL on RDS or self-hosted
PostgreSQL or MySQL managed services
Rackspace Technology Managed Database Services
pgEdge
Discontinued, still offered
No shut-down product was recommended here.
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