# passkeys: how AI models rank it, November 2026

Gane Index, November 2026 Edition. Named in 2 judge labels across 1 category by 2 of 14 models. Page: https://www.gane.ai/index/it/vendors/passkeys

## Standing by category

| Category | Share | Rank | Negative rate | Labels |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [Multi-factor authentication](https://www.gane.ai/index/it/identity/multi-factor-authentication/index.md) | 0% | 21 | 0% | 2 |

## What the models said for it

- "Use phishing-resistant MFA such as passkeys/WebAuthn/FIDO2 security keys" (GPT-5.4 mini, MFA)
- "Passkeys: A modern standard replacing passwords entirely with biometrics stored securely on your device" (Qwen 3.7 Flash, MFA)

## By model

| Model | First choice | Alternative | Mention | Warning | Labels |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GPT-5.4 mini | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Gemini 3.5 Flash | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Perplexity Sonar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Grok 4.20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mistral Small | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| DeepSeek V4 Flash | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Llama 4 Maverick | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Qwen 3.7 Flash | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Kimi K2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GLM 4.7 FlashX | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| MiniMax M2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GPT-6 Luna | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Muse Glimmer 30B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

## Sources returned with these answers

The sites and pages cited by the answers that named passkeys, from 4 of the 4 answers that named it (only the models that return a source list).

### Domains cited

- cisa.gov: 4
- learn.microsoft.com: 2
- pages.nist.gov: 2
- canada.ca: 1
- channelpronetwork.com: 1
- cmitsolutions.com: 1
- cyber.gov.au: 1
- cyberreadinessinstitute.org: 1
- duo.com: 1
- encomputers.com: 1

### Pages cited

- https://cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2024-12/guidance-mobile-communications-best-practices.pdf: 3
- https://cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2023-01/fact-sheet-implementing-phishing-resistant-mfa-508c.pdf: 2
- https://cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/fact-sheet-implementing-phishing-resistant-mfa-508c.pdf: 2
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/fundamentals/zero-trust-protect-identities: 2
- https://canada.ca/en/government/system/digital-government/guideline-multi-factor-authentication.html: 1
- https://channelpronetwork.com/2024/08/28/reinforcing-cybersecurity-smbs-cant-get-by-on-mfa-alone: 1
- https://cisa.gov/audiences/small-and-medium-businesses/secure-your-business/require-multifactor-authentication: 1
- https://cisa.gov/audiences/small-and-medium-businesses/secure-your-business/smb-resources: 1

## Record

- Method: https://www.gane.ai/index/it/methodology
- License: CC BY 4.0. Cite as Gane Index, November 2026 Edition, www.gane.ai/index/it.