# Certificate-based authentication: how AI models rank it, November 2026

Gane Index, November 2026 Edition. Named in 1 judge label across 1 category by 1 of 14 models. Page: https://www.gane.ai/index/it/vendors/certificate-based-authentication

## Standing by category

| Category | Share | Rank | Negative rate | Labels |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [Multi-factor authentication](https://www.gane.ai/index/it/identity/multi-factor-authentication/index.md) | 0% | 44 | 0% | 1 |

## What the models said for it

- "Windows Hello for Business, or certificate-based authentication" (GPT-5.4 mini, MFA)

## By model

| Model | First choice | Alternative | Mention | Warning | Labels |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GPT-5.4 mini | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Gemini 3.5 Flash | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Perplexity Sonar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Grok 4.20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mistral Small | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| DeepSeek V4 Flash | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Llama 4 Maverick | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Qwen 3.7 Flash | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Kimi K2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GLM 4.7 FlashX | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| MiniMax M2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GPT-6 Luna | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Muse Glimmer 30B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

## Sources returned with these answers

The sites and pages cited by the answers that named Certificate-based authentication, from 3 of the 3 answers that named it (only the models that return a source list).

### Domains cited

- cisa.gov: 3
- learn.microsoft.com: 2
- pages.nist.gov: 2
- homodigitalis.gr: 1
- media.defense.gov: 1
- ncsc.gov.uk: 1
- rsa.com: 1

### Pages cited

- https://cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2024-12/guidance-mobile-communications-best-practices.pdf: 2
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/fundamentals/zero-trust-protect-identities: 2
- https://cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2024-11/mfa-success-story-usda-fido-implementation-508c.pdf: 1
- https://homodigitalis.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/MFA-WhitePaper.pdf: 1
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/concept-authentication-methods: 1
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/overview-authentication: 1
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/authentication/concept-phone-providers: 1
- https://media.defense.gov/2024/Jul/31/2003515137/-1/-1/0/MULTIFACTOR_AUTHENTICATION_SOLUTIONS_UOO17091520.PDF: 1

## Record

- Method: https://www.gane.ai/index/it/methodology
- License: CC BY 4.0. Cite as Gane Index, November 2026 Edition, www.gane.ai/index/it.